We’ve all seen the stories about plastic pollution in the ocean. But the journey of plastic pollution begins much farther inland, passing directly through cities and communities that depend on those waterways. 

Along the way, microplastics contaminate drinking water, freshwater habitats, and food systems long before it reaches the coast. In fact, nearly 80% of marine plastic originates from land-based products, with rivers serving as one of the main pathways transporting it to the ocean. 

Researchers have documented impacts from plastic pollution in inland cities like St. Louis, Baton Rouge, and around Lake Mead. Fortunately, local organizations and community leaders are working to reduce plastic pollution at its source, thus protecting waterways and communities upstream. 

Caught in the Current

The Mississippi River is one of the most studied rivers in the country when it comes to plastic, and the numbers show a growing problem. Scientists sampling the river found that microplastic levels actually increase as the river passes through St. Louis on its way south instead of thinning out. Researchers at St. Louis University discovered 237 different types of microplastics in riverbed sediment across the Meramec watershed, connecting contamination to nearby land use and local pollution sources.

To tackle the problem, the city joined the Mississippi River Plastic Pollution Initiative partnering with other mayors along the river to volunteer to track and log plastic waste through a simple smartphone app. Locally, organizations like the Missouri Confluence Waterkeeper map where plastics show up the most with the bigger goal as organizers from the University City’s Department of Public works state “preventing more, picking up less,” putting pressure on companies that contribute to the creation of the world’s single-use plastics in the first place.

Hooked on Plastic 

The city of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, sits along a stretch of the Mississippi near a major petrochemical corridor; here, plastics have already made it into the food system. The lower Mississippi River carries around 328 billion microplastic particles into the Gulf of Mexico each year. Water samples that were collected upstream and downstream from Baton Rouge all contained concentrations of microplastics. 

The evidence doesn’t stop at the water’s surface. Microplastics have been found in four freshwater fish species from the Mississippi River, including bluegill and largemouth bass, showing that plastic pollution has already worked its way into the food web. The pattern continues in nearby St. Francisville where 12.66% of sampled fish contained microplastics, underscoring how plastic pollution is affecting aquatic life in the lower Mississippi River.  

Taking matters into their own hands, Baton Rouge residents formed the Louisiana Stormwater Coalition, an all-volunteer group that organizes regular cleanups along waterways like the Bayou Fountain and assisted in the development of a stormwater litter management plan. The coalition partnered with local organizations to install a 75 foot litter catcher that captures floating plastic before it reaches other downstream locations. 

Drinking Downstream 

Out west, the source of pollution looks different but the risk may even be more personal. The Colorado River moves through farms, cities, and deserts before flowing into Lake Mead, a reservoir that supplies drinking water to nearly 25 million people across the Southwest. 

Microplastics have been found throughout the reservoir’s water and lakebed with one sediment core preserving nearly 19 years of plastic buildup. Much of that contamination has been traced back to Las Vegas Wash, a channel that carries treated wastewater from four treatment plants. 

The problem reaches far beyond Lake Mead. A separate survey detected microplastics in every Colorado river and stream sampled, highlighting the scale of contamination across a watershed that supplies water to around 40 million people and supports 5.5 million acres of farmland.

Communities across the Colorado River Basin are responding by monitoring plastic pollution and restoring waterways before contaminants spread farther downstream. Volunteers and local organizations like Environment Colorado continue to document the presence of microplastics in waterways. At the same time, long term restoration efforts along the Las Vegas Wash work to improve water quality by stabilizing streambanks and restoring wetlands before water enters Lake Mead. Together these efforts recognize that protecting drinking water begins long before it reaches the tap. 

You Don’t Need a Coastline to Take Action

The stories of St. Louis, Baton Rouge, and Lake Mead show that inland communities are not waiting for plastic pollution to reach the coast before taking action. Across the country residents, researchers, and local organizations are finding new ways to track and reduce plastic pollution before it enters rivers, reservoirs, and food systems. 

The fight against plastic pollution begins with you. Visit EARTHDAY.ORG’S the Great Global Cleanup map to find a cleanup near you or register one in your own community. 

EARTHDAY.ORG is the driving force behind the Earth Day movement year-round. You can have articles like this emailed to your inbox by signing up for our email list. Make sure to also check out our social media at X, Facebook, Instagram, and Youtube for environmental news and information straight from the Earth Day source.

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A hundred years ago, billowing smokestacks and layers of smog were seen as societal progression. However, according to the most recent State of Global Air’s report, air pollution caused 8.1 million deaths in 2021, or more than 1 in 8 deaths globally. In fact, poor air quality is the second leading risk factor for death worldwide.

Partly in response to this, and to keep reminding us that gray smog blanketing cities across the globe is not something to celebrate, every September 7th is International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies. Now, we can celebrate the cities around the world that champion their clean, bluer skies. 

Sydney, Australia

Through the cloudy skies of seasonal bushfires and dust storms, Sydney still ranks for having the cleanest air in the world. In 2015, Australia established the National Clean Air Agreement, which sets a framework for guidance on air quality issues which is reviewed and updated every two years. The most recent work plan aims to further ensure consistent air quality reports, as well as continue to assess motor vehicle emissions. 

Australia’s Clean Air Agreement has raised fuel quality standards by lowering the toxic aromatic content in diesel and gasoline, as well as lowering sulfur limits. This is significant in reducing harmful emissions as air pollution occurs when harmful gases and particles contaminate the air, making it unsafe to breathe. Burning fossil fuels, like diesel, releases major pollutants such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10). So, cutting back on running vehicles powered by toxic chemicals and fossil fuels helps keep the air cleaner. 

Sydney has been preparing for a growing urban population, as people migrate to cities for work and opportunities. To try and get ahead of the added pollution that might occur, Sydney’s been phasing out the use of older, higher polluting vehicles in favor of newer cleaner EV vehicles. In June 2022, the government has set a goal to completely transition Sydney’s fleet of buses to full electric by 2035. Sydney has also introduced the Roadside Air Quality Screening Tool, which helps them assess how air quality is impacted by road traffic, and gives the city additional data to make decisions for clean air.

Taipei, Taiwan

Nationally, Taiwan’s Ministry of Environment recently increased their air quality standards,  by making them the strictest limits in Asia. 

The nation’s capital, Taipei, has an efficient public transportation system, the Mass Rapid Transit, established in 1996 and has greatly influenced the city’s air quality. Motorcycles were  common in Taipei, and they have caused a lot of environmental harm but motorcycle use decreases around MRT stations, showing how powerfully effective public transport can be. 

Taipei is also seeing a rapid expansion in the volume of electric vehicles on the road, largely driven by government  subsidies, with a goal to have more than 4,000 electric buses operating by the end of 2025 as well. 

In addition, Taipei has a long list of initiatives to combat the changing climate and in the last six years has widely embraced renewable, clean energy with the solar panel installations increasing nearly tenfold. 

Montreal, Canada

The transportation sector accounts for 25% of Canada’s total greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, heavy investment has been made in sustainable transportation. The Active Transportation Fund has allocated an average of C$3 billion annually into permanent public transit development, a program scheduled to start in 2026-27. This will support all modes of non air polluting transportation–from walking to cycling to rollerblading, and even cross-country skiing! 

The Greater Montreal Climate Fund invests in decarbonization projects and programs in the greater Montreal area. The Trottier Foundation established the Greater Montreal Climate Fund in 2020, and since then, they have awarded 35 grants and have invested an accumulated C$1.6 million for projects like MultiRés, a program that renovates residential buildings to be more energy efficient. They have also made significant investments to 7GEN, which is working on electrifying Quebec’s school buses.  

Montreal was one of the first major cities in North America to commit to electrifying their buses by 2025, resulting in the creation of the Zero Emission Transit Fund. The goal is to now invest in electric buses across Canada. The government plans to purchase 5,000 zero emission buses for school and public transportation.

Zürich, Switzerland

Switzerland has high standards when it comes to sustainability, and is even stricter on vehicle emission policies, which seem to tighten each year. Zürich, despite being Switzerland’s most populated city, is considered one of the most sustainable destinations in the world.

Which is why it is home to one of the most well-organized transportation systems in the world, where almost 50% of households do not own a car, and 27% of people rely on walking. 

The city has been expanding its infrastructure to support more cycling through the Masterplan Velo, which aims to double cycling participation by the end of 2025. Bike friendly spaces can be found throughout the city, there are even bicycle drive-in cafes. Cyclists can pull in and order a cup of coffee all without ever having to hop off the bike. 

No space is wasted in Zürich, city developers have creatively put pollution measurement sensors on street lamps, antennas, and rooftops to monitor air quality!

Moscow, Russia

Despite being one of Europe’s most populated cities, Moscow stands out for its progressive clean air policies. Moscow’s environmental monitoring agency, Mosekomonitoring, gathers and reports data on the health of the city’s air, water, and soil daily. 

Overall, Moscow has been working towards a gradual transition towards electric vehicles. In 2023, the city invested in 1,200 electric buses. Thanks to the investments in renewable energy and data monitoring, urban air pollution in Moscow has decreased over the past decade–with carbon oxides by 2.3 times, nitrogen oxide by 2.2 times, and particulate matter by 1.8 times.

Polluted air harms human health, often causing respiratory and cardiovascular issues. Tiny particulate matter that we cannot even see presents the most harm to humans, as its minuscule size can enter the lungs and even infiltrate the bloodstream. 

Our Power, Our Planet

The World Health Organization sets clean air guidelines that countries use to shape policy. These five cities are all breathing easier than anywhere else on Earth because they have prioritised clean, blue skies! 

The common denominator between these five cities is their dedication to sustainable development rooted in renewable energy. As the effects of climate change accelerate, we need to speak up about the changes our society needs to make.  For Earth Day 2025, our theme is Our Power, Our Planet. Act now rather than later, and sign our Renewable Energy Petition. 

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Today is National Skyscraper Day – a time to reflect on how our cities are reaching new heights alongside rising populations, increased housing demands, and, consequently, higher emissions. But what steps are builders and communities taking to lessen the environmental impact of skyscrapers? Architects have a new role, reduce emissions and adapt to climate change all while keeping the buildings useful and aesthetically welcoming. 

The Growing Urban World

Globally, buildings account for about 30–40% of global energy consumption, making them one of the largest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions that are directly linked to climate change. Urban populations are going to continue to grow – in fact more than 50% of the world population lives in cities, and it is expected 2.4 billion more people will be urban by 2050. And more people means more  energy demands from residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Improving the energy efficiency of buildings can go a long way in addressing environmental concerns, and can deliver tangible economic and health benefits. Lower operating costs, puts money back into the pockets of all those involved in these buildings; tenants, builders, architects and the like. 

Back to the Basics 

To achieve more efficiency in buildings, a wide array of technology and design decisions are being deployed across new construction and updating of existing buildings. Some of these solutions are relatively simple and have been practiced for millenia, like placing buildings strategically to best maximize on natural ventilation, which can cut cooling costs in half, and light, which can save 40% of the cost of lighting. Other technologies like improved insulation, smart air systems, lighting and appliances designed to reduce energy use further decrease  demand while keeping up with the much needed functionality. This combo of old thinking and new technology can maximize the use of our buildings!

Energy in, Energy Out

A global shift to energy efficient buildings is already well under way and increasingly intertwined with the rise of net-zero and net- positive construction. These new buildings are designed to minimize energy consumption but also generate enough energy from on site renewable systems. A net-zero building merely balances energy use and consumption, while a net-positive gives back to the grid through its own power generation. This evolution in building is driven by technological innovation coupled with the awareness that man-made environments are large contributors to greenhouse gases, but can actually become solutions! Solar photovoltaic panels, geothermal heat pumps, and small scale wind turbines can be integrated into buildings and landscapes, providing a futuristic look, reducing costs, and better for the planet. 

The Future is Here!

This may sound like a pipe dream, but it’s already happening across the globe. In Amsterdam, you have The Edge, opened in 2014 and cited as the the smartest and most sustainable office building in the world. It generates more energy that is consumed through its extensive solar array and energy management systems. The building is covered in sensors that optimize lighting, temperature, and occupancy. Here in the United States, we have the PAE Living Building, located in Portland, Oregon and designed to last 5 centuries. This building generates over 100% of its energy needs via solar power and harnesses 100% of its water from rain entrapments. During construction over 98% of waste was diverted, much of which has gone to community equity via shared renewable infrastructure. 

The transition to energy-efficient, renewable powered buildings is happening and happening fast. Buildings are being retrofitted and new ones are being built, all to optimize energy efficiency. Retrofitting tends to be even more eco-friendly than new construction because you are not producing new materials such as steel or concrete that act as the foundation for the building. Incremental updates can also be carried out, which for many builders can be more economical. First replace the light bulbs for more efficiency and then move onto updating your HVAC system, then keep on going through improving insulation where you can, like replacing windows. 

However, retrofitting can come with significant constraints. Many older buildings were not designed with energy efficiency in mind, making it challenging to incorporate modern systems without major structural or spatial compromises. Outdated layouts may not accommodate efficient HVAC or renewable energy systems, while limited space can restrict the installation of insulation, ductwork, or solar panels. Additionally, legacy electrical and mechanical systems can be costly or complex to upgrade, often requiring custom solutions that add time and expense.

That said, retrofitting remains a powerful tool where demolition and new construction may not be feasible. Innovative solutions such as modular energy systems, high-efficiency window replacements, green roofs, and smart building controls are increasingly being used to modernize older skyscrapers. 

In contrast, new construction offers a blank canvas (albeit within regulatory limits) enabling architects and engineers to design with energy saving at the forefront, seamlessly integrating those technologies. 

Push for Policy 

Policy frameworks are essential to scaling these approaches, retrofit and new construction. Building performance standards, such as those implemented by the European Union’s Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, is putting pressure on jurisdictions to set minimum energy thresholds for new and existing buildings. Other certifications such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), BREEAM ( Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), are among other certifications that can incentivize building to be more efficient. But why wait to improve efficiency, these updates and upgrades save money and help the planet. To me it is a no brainer. 

That’s why the EPA’s authority under the Endangerment Finding, which enables the agency to regulate climate pollution from buildings and other sources, is so vital. Weakening or eliminating this authority would undermine decades of climate action and stall momentum just as we need it most. If we want cleaner, healthier, and more efficient buildings in every community, we need strong policies, and strong public support, to make it happen. Add your name to our public comments and help defend the EPA’s ability to act on climate.

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While some U.S. cities are playing catch-up on climate, others are sprinting ahead by reimagining their energy infrastructure from the ground up. From net-zero architecture to battery-backed solar grids, these communities are proving that innovation isn’t confined to Silicon Valley. It’s happening in city halls, community colleges, and public works departments, across the nation – redefining what a clean energy future can look like.

Spokane, Washington: Hydropower Meets a Range of 21st-Century Innovation

Spokane already benefits from a carbon-light grid thanks to Washington State’s legacy hydropower system, but it’s not using that as an excuse to sit still. Instead, the city is positioning itself as a testing ground for clean technology and grid modernization. These efforts are part of a broader, coordinated strategy to build local resilience and accelerate climate action, supported by both state and city-level initiatives.

The updated Washington Climate Commitment Act, or WCC, outlines a comprehensive strategy to modernize Spokane’s energy infrastructure while centering equity, resilience, and local job creation. This is supported in part by a cap-and-invest program, which raises funds by selling permits that allow for carbon emissions. The money collected is then used to fund initiatives that lower greenhouse gas emissions and enhance quality of life in local communities.The Act is projected to create over 45,000 jobs and generate $9.1 billion in statewide economic output over the next eight years, with Spokane poised to benefit from investments in clean power, public transit, green construction, and industrial decarbonization. The Act is also expected to attract billions in private funding and more in federal funding, positioning Spokane as a hub for both climate innovation and economic revitalization.

Spokane’s Sustainability Action Plan, updated in 2021, complements the goals of the WCC by providing a city-level roadmap to achieve 100% renewable electricity by 2030. While the WCC drives state-level investments and regulatory frameworks, the local plan translates those goals into on-the-ground projects—advancing climate resilience, accelerating energy infrastructure upgrades, and prioritizing equity through initiatives like building electrification, community solar, and workforce development in historically underserved neighborhoods.

Spokane is home to one of the most ambitious net-zero energy projects in the country: known as the Catalyst Building, which is now home to Eastern Washington University departments and labs. This 159,000-square-foot facility is designed to carry out zero energy and zero carbon certification while maintaining construction costs on par with conventional buildings. With its integration of solar, geothermal, and cutting-edge design strategies, the Catalyst Building reflects Spokane’s commitment to climate innovation and proves that carbon-neutral architecture can be both scalable and economically viable.

Spokane’s utility provider, Avista, is actively modernizing the city grid through a phased smart meter rollout, installing advanced meters that enable two-way communication between customers and the utility. Allowing households and businesses to monitor their energy use in real time, this provides them with greater control over their consumption patterns, while improving reliability and operational efficiency. 

Building on this, Avista is also piloting two time-of-use (TOU) pricing programs for residential and small commercial customers in Washington. These programs incentivize users to shift electricity use to off-peak hours, helping to reduce the strain on the grid and lowering bills for customers who can adjust their habits. 

These innovations are increasingly important as electric vehicles and electric appliances become more widespread. By managing peak load more strategically, Avista is preparing Spokane’s grid for the realities of mass electrification, ensuring that the transition to clean energy remains both resilient and cost-effective.

What sets Spokane apart is the city’s willingness to rethink how that energy is managed, distributed, and optimized. With strong city-university partnerships and a growing green tech sector, Spokane is shaping the clean grid of the future in real time.

Richmond, California: Battery Storage, Rooftop Solar, and Environmental Justice in Action

Once defined by the towering presence of the Chevron oil refinery on its shoreline, Richmond has become a case study in what it looks like for a fossil fuel town to push back and pave the way for a cleaner future. 

The city of Richmond, located in the East Bay, is building real electrification and energy efficiency models and is focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving indoor air quality, and supporting health and employment outcomes. Especially for residents living in older buildings and disadvantaged neighborhoods, these efforts aim to address longstanding environmental and social inequities.

Through its partnership with Marin Clean Energy (MCE), a Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) provider, Richmond residents have default access to 60-100% renewable electricity, giving the city a unique level of autonomy from investor-owned utility PG&E. Community Choice Aggregation is a model that allows cities and counties to procure electricity on behalf of their residents from cleaner sources, while the existing utility (like PG&E for the Northern California region) continues to handle delivery and billing. This gives Richmond more local control over its energy mix and enables a shift away from fossil fuel–based power.

But Richmond’s work extends beyond the grid deep into the community. In recent years, the city has funded residential and commercial rooftop solar installations that were made possible by streamlining permitting, partnerships, and incentive programs ⸺ all targeted towards affordable housing, municipal buildings, and business sites. 

Plus, Richmond’s Green-Blue New Deal aims to create over 1,000 new green jobs in the renewable energy sector, through building electrification, and via sustainable infrastructure creation. Programs like Richmond Rising and Groundwork Richmond provide hands-on training in clean energy and urban forestry for youth, while a partnership with the Safe Return Project offers dedicated career pathways for formerly incarcerated residents who wish to enter the green workforce.

Perhaps most importantly, Richmond’s clean energy planning is embedded in broader struggles for racial and environmental justice. Long before terms like “just transition” entered the mainstream, local groups like the Richmond Progressive Alliance and APEN (Asian Pacific Environmental Network) were advocating for community-controlled energy. Today, those visions are becoming reality through tangible, neighborhood-scale investments in power, both literal and political.

Fayetteville, Arkansas: Clean Energy Momentum in the Ozarks

Fayetteville, nestled in the rolling hills of the Ozarks, might not be the first city that comes to mind in conversations about renewable energy — but it should be. In 2018, it became the first city in Arkansas to formally commit to 100% clean energy, setting a goal of decarbonizing municipal operations by 2030 and reaching citywide net-zero emissions by 2050. What makes Fayetteville stand out is how it’s transforming bold commitments into on-the-ground tangible progress.

The city has constructed two large solar arrays, including one paired with a battery storage facility, that now power municipal buildings and wastewater treatment plants. These projects not only reduce emissions but are projected to save the city millions in electricity costs over the coming decades. 

The City of Fayetteville and University of Arkansas’s Office of Sustainability have emphasized regional collaboration in order to share best practices and build clean energy capacity across Northwest Arkansas. And despite being in a state where fossil fuels remain politically dominant, Fayetteville’s 2024 Climate Action Plan has successfully framed its energy work around values such as economic independence, local control, and public accountability.Positioning climate action as a function of good governance rather than partisan politics is exactly what we need.

Fayetteville is proving that sustainability isn’t limited by geography and political climate, but rather, it thrives wherever there is local leadership and a vision for long-term resilience.

Gridlocked to Groundbreaking: Cities Turning Climate Ambition Into Action

From the Pacific Northwest to the Ozark Mountains, these U.S. cities are proving that bold climate action doesn’t require being ‘woke’, or a coastal tech hub or a policy powerhouse. 

Whether it’s Richmond transforming a legacy of fossil fuels into a foundation for environmental justice, or Fayetteville leading a clean energy charge in a conservative stronghold, each city is confronting the challenge of what is best for the members of its community.

Their work reminds us that clean energy transitions aren’t acquired through one-size-fits-all approaches. They’re adaptive and rooted in the unique strengths and needs of each community. And while the technologies of solar arrays, smart meters, net-zero buildings matter, it’s the creativity and collaboration behind these tools that truly power the shift.

As the climate crisis accelerates, these cities are preparing their residents for the future in a sensible and pragmatic way. They show that the road to resilience and equity can start anywhere, and that the future of energy is already being built in school districts, utility boards, and city councils by people who are willing to think differently and act decisively.

If this inspires you, don’t wait! Join our growing network of volunteers and connect with others in your community who are taking action for change. Together, we can turn shared passion into real progress.

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What can local communities do when environmental regulation falls short at the national level? A whole lot, it turns out. Picking up the government’s slack may seem like a lofty task, but many cities across the world are already proving that it’s possible. These success stories show how effective  local advocacy can be, but also how it improves daily life. 

Green Democracy

There is possibly no better example of how environmental policy improves human life than Barcelona, Spain. In 2017, the city began drafting its 2018-2030 Climate Action Plan, a policy roadmap set on transforming Barcelona into a carbon-neutral city by 2050. The plan’s scope expands beyond merely meeting Paris Agreement targets, however. 

Barcelona’s plan was produced as a direct collaboration between its government and its citizens, built to serve all of its population, as climate change continues to impact lifestyles and livelihoods.  Their plan was influenced by the findings of the 2016 Barcelona Health Survey, which found that more than 1 in 10 citizens were living in energy poverty, putting vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly at risk in the face of rising temperatures. At the heart of the city’s Climate Action Plan is environmental justice. 

While Barcelona is slashing its greenhouse gas emissions, it is investing in upgrading its water and energy utilities. This effort starts in the homes of ordinary Barcelonans, which are being renovated at large-scale to add solar production, rainwater retention systems, and vegetation. By 2030, the city hopes to achieve zero energy poverty with 94,000 completed renovations. 

In addition to home renovations, Barcelona is adding shade and cooling systems to public spaces such as parks, malls, and civic centers to transform them into climate shelters. As outlined by their Climate Action Plan, all Barcelonans will live within a ten-minute walk from the nearest climate shelter by 2030. 

The Spanish city is not only doing its part to prevent the most severe outcomes of climate change, but it is also adapting by preparing its population to handle inevitable increases in temperature and unpredictable weather. 

A City for the Future

Tokyo, Japan, is similarly striving to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change; however, its action plan looks different, fitting the needs of Japan’s localized climate. 

In response to the persistent threat of typhoons in the region, the nation is preparing for a future characterized by severe weather type events. Across Tokyo, sewage systems and river management infrastructure are being revamped in order to handle higher flood levels and increased rainfall. Simpler measures are also being implemented, with floodgates being installed at metro stations and utility poles, at risk of collapse during storms, being removed. 

These disaster mitigation efforts extend to heat waves too. Japan is fundamentally transforming its infrastructure to accommodate rising temperatures: reconstructing roads with heat-blocking pavements, renovating homes’ heat insulation, promoting urban greenery, and installing water misters in public areas.  

The city’s adaptive measures are backed by robust policy set to manage and limit its emissions through future decades. Tokyo’s Zero Emission Strategy sets the city to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2025. Planners of the strategy project that this emission reduction will be achieved through a variety of efforts, including investment in renewable and hydrogen-based technologies, expansion of zero-emission buildings, a transition to zero emission vehicles, and an increase in recycling rates.  

Bringing New Life to Waste

Curitiba, nestled southwest of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, is taking on an innovative approach to its campaign against climate change. 

A forerunner of public transit, Curitiba developed the world’s first-ever bus rapid transit system in 1974. Today, 80% of the city’s travellers use the bus system, reducing fuel demand by 35% and consequently reducing net emissions.

Curitiba’s bus rapid transit system also helps prop up other environmental programs, such as the Green Exchange. This initiative allows Curitibanos to collect trash in exchange for bus tokens or food, clearing streets of waste, reducing sanitation costs, and promoting interaction between citizens and government. 

The cumulative outcome of these programs is a recycling rate of 70%, one of the highest in the world!

Acting Local: Why Should I?

Your local advocacy may not include rewriting building code or inventing a new form of public transit, and that’s ok. These three cities may all have big budgets and a wealth of political power, but at their core, their policy is driven by a belief that environmental policy and human well-being are deeply intertwined. 

The stark reality of climate change is that it is changing all of our lives, regardless of where we live. When rising temperatures and changing weather patterns begin threatening the health of your neighbors, care for your community and environment become inseparable. 

No matter what it looks like, true environmental advocacy produces a better world for us all. Jumping into local environmental action can be a daunting prospect, but it doesn’t have to be. Join our network of volunteers, and get connected to those working towards a common goal around you. 

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The future of agriculture is a major concern around the world. The Earth is growing hotter, crucial resources are becoming scarcer, and the global population is climbing higher. In the face of these issues, producing enough food to sustain the global population while preserving critically important ecosystems is increasingly difficult to manage.

But in the last fifteen years, vertical farming has emerged as a promising alternative to current farming practices.

The concept is simple: rather than taking up even more land in a horizontal direction, crops are stacked vertically, integrated into structures like skyscrapers, warehouses, and even shipping containers. It’s a brilliant and innovative solution, but because it differs so much from traditional farming, it can be hard to fully grasp just how beneficial vertical farming could be. To demystify it a little, let’s look at three of the biggest and most successful vertical farms in operation today and unpack what concrete problems they solve.

Bustanica: Tackling Water Scarcity in Dubai

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a desert country with limited fertile land and summer temperatures regularly clearing 100°F, agriculture is a major struggle. As a result, the UAE imports around 80% of its food supply, which not only jeopardizes its food security, but also increases the potential of food waste during transportation. But Bustanica, an impressive feat of technology, could change this.

Founded in 2022 by Emirates Flight Catering and Crop One, Bustanica is the world’s largest vertical farm, located near Al Maktoum International Airport and covering an impressive 333,000 square feet. Using a closed-loop system, the farm circulates water through the plants, so that when the heat causes the water to evaporate – turning it from liquid into vapor – it is captured, absorbed, and recycled to be used again. This process conserves water by reusing it instead of letting it escape into the air.

In Dubai’s harsh arid climate, the fresh water needed to make crops thrive through traditional agriculture is scarce. But by vertical farming, Bustanica is able to produce vast amounts of leafy greens with only a fraction of the water usage that traditional farming uses. Their facility saves over 250 million liters of water a year!

Sky Greens: Maximizing Space in Singapore

With a population of over six million crammed onto an island less than 300 square miles in area, Singapore has the third highest population density in the world. With so little land to work with, it’s a struggle to make sufficient space for humans, let alone for producing food, of which more than 90% is imported. To respond to their land issues, Singapore has expanded upwards, with towering high-rises built every year to accommodate their growing population, so why not apply that concept to agriculture too?

Sky Greens, Singapore’s pioneering vertical farm, did just that. Founded by engineer and entrepreneur Jack Ng, the company has patented a vertical farming system that features rotating tiers of growing troughs, mounted on an aluminum frame reaching up to thirty feet in the air and housed in a protected, controlled environment. The rotating mechanism, powered by hydraulics, allows their crops to receive uniform sunlight, irrigation, and nutrients as they pass through different parts of the structure.

Highly praised for its ingenuity, Sky Greens is a shining example of urban agriculture. The farm can produce one ton of leafy vegetables every other day, and its success has contributed to Singapore’s goal of achieving greater food security. The farm’s space-efficient design and sustainable farming techniques have paved the way for similar urban farms, offering hope for densely populated areas that desperately need to bring some greenery into their communities.

AeroFarms: Overcoming Pollution in Newark

In the city of Newark, New Jersey, a heavily industrialized area which deals with significant contamination from factories and toxic waste, thriving agriculture is probably the last thing one would expect to find. But AeroFarms, an award-winning vertical farming company with a focus on microgreens, has proved that vertical farms have the potential to brighten any city with greenery, regardless of how polluted it is.

Founded in 2004 and relocated to Newark in 2015, AeroFarms found its success through aeroponic farming, a method of growing plants indoors, without using soil. Instead, they use an artificial fabric, a fleece material made from recycled plastic water bottles, that supports seeds as they germinate and take root, while a mist delivers nutrients and water.

In this controlled indoor environment, agriculture is fully protected from the toxins that would destroy plants had they been grown using traditional farming.

AeroFarms currently supply over 70% of the U.S. retail market for microgreens, which are far more nutrient-dense than their mature counterparts. For example, younger leaves of baby spinach were found to have higher levels of phytonutrients than more mature leaves, meaning that they are better able to support the immune system and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Looking to the Future

Sometimes, the issues that face our world seem  impossible to surmount, especially when it comes to such crucial areas as food production. But vertical farms are proof that new technology and renewable energy practices can turn the tide of global agricultural issues.

If you’re as excited about this future as we are, there are ways to take action! Check out our theme for 2025: Our Power, Our Planet, a commitment to harnessing the power of renewable energy. You can read more about what changes we’re calling for, sign our renewable energy petition, or support us by joining our mailing list. The Earth needs any help we can contribute!

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Artificial intelligence often gets a bad rap when it comes to the climate conversation— its enormous energy demands, water-intensive data centers, and growing greenhouse gas emissions spark growing alarm. But this AI appreciation day, let’s flip the narrative. AI technologies also hold tremendous potential in helping us transition toward a more sustainable future, and one particularly exciting solution is AI-driven urban planning. 

With over half of the global population living in cities, and environmental pressures mounting, urban centers are having to adapt rapidly and creatively. Around the world, cities are quietly utilizing AI to improve infrastructure, optimize resources and design more efficient, livable environments. The result? Greener, smarter cities that are more well adept to future climate change. 

Singapore and Barcelona are two cities leading the way in AI-driven urban design. By integrating AI into core systems, like traffic flow, energy consumption and waste management, these cities are proving how effective green technology can be for urban growth and sustainability. 

Singapore: AI at the Heart of Urban Innovation

Singapore, one of the world’s smartest cities, is emerging as a leader in using AI to shape urban development. The city’s Urban Development Authority is using data analytics and geospatial technologies to gain insights into how public spaces and amenities are used. Additionally, AI is being applied to manage infrastructure, improve accessibility, and optimize land use in space-constrained Singapore.

Beyond urban design, AI is also transforming the city’s energy sector to enhance sustainability and overall efficiency. AI technology is being utilized in energy generation, storage, and consumption to save both resources and time. In the renewable energy space, it plays a key role in predicting energy demands and optimizing the performance of technologies such as solar panels and wind turbines.

As part of Singapore’s smart city initiative, the government has released an AI-driven traffic management system that uses real-time data to monitor traffic flow, predict congestion patterns, and adjust traffic signals accordingly. This solution not only improves travel efficiency, but also reduces emissions by minimizing stop-and-go traffic. Since the new system’s implementation, peak-hour delays have decreased by 20%, while average rush-hour speeds have improved by 15%. 

Singapore is also leveraging AI to transform its roads by enhancing public transport systems. AI technologies are being used to improve predictive maintenance for buses, detect blind spots for safer driving, and monitor train conditions in real time. These innovations have contributed to a 25% increase in public transport ridership and a 15% decrease in waiting times. Remarkably, despite this increase in ridership, emissions have still decreased by 10%— a result of AI-optimized travel routes and schedules. 

The integration of AI across Singapore’s traffic management and public transport has led to a 15% reduction in citywide emissions, contributing significantly to cleaner air quality. The economic benefits are equally impressive, with AI-optimized systems projected to save the city $1 billion annually. These figures underscore how AI is truly transforming the city to become more sustainable, smart, and economically efficient. 

Barcelona: AI for People, Place, and Participation

Barcelona is a city known for its beautiful architecture, vibrant culture, and rich history. Less well known, however, is that the city has incorporated AI technology into many of the unique systems it relies on. Barcelona uses AI not just to optimize operations, but also to empower citizens and make urban development more inclusive. 

One of the city’s most innovative uses of AI is its development of a Local Digital Twin– a virtual replica of Barcelona.The model began with maps and satellite imagery to recreate the city’s physical layout, and has since evolved to incorporate more complex systems, making it hyper-realistic and intricate. The Digital Twin simulates complex urban systems, such as air pollution, noise, traffic, and human movement, allowing planners to predict how changes in one area might affect another.

This system has completely revolutionized the way Barcelona is monitored, developed, and future-proofed. It allows the city to assess compliance with the ‘15-minute city’ model– where daily needs are accessible within a 15-minute walk or bike ride. With these insights, the Local Twin has improved public transport efficiency, evaluated amenities access and guided more equitable, safe, and efficient development. 

Barcelona is also using AI to empower and connect its people. The Barcelona City Council released a revitalized, AI-powered employment platform, which attracted over 73,000 people in 2024 alone. The website features an AI assistant which matches employers to potential workers based on their skills and interests, and delivers a tailored and sophisticated service for varying professional needs. 

A final highlight of Barcelona’s AI use is its application in waste management. By combining AI and IoT-enabled sensors, the city has improved waste collection through GPS-equipped vehicles and smart bins— streamlining operations and reducing overall waste. 

Equity, Ethics, and the Limits of AI

Cities like Singapore and Barcelona prove the vast potential of AI in urban planning— from boosting efficiency to enhancing citizen engagement. Yet AI doesn’t come without drawbacks for people, the planet, and public trust.

For one, AI systems rely on large amounts of data, raising concerns on data privacy and the security of sensitive information. Technologies like facial recognition, used to monitor public spaces, risk violating privacy and freedom rights, especially when data is misused or misinterpreted. Urban planners address this through de-identification and anonymization, yet this solution isn’t perfect. 

Another rising concern is algorithmic biases, which arise from skewed datasets, gaps in data, and assumptions in algorithms. When certain groups are underrepresented, due to factors like low survey participation, AI solutions may reinforce inequality and result in urban development which fails to reflect the needs of a city’s diverse population. 

Given these challenges, it’s clear that there is a need for transparent, community-driven AI governance structures to ensure that AI technologies support ethical urban planning. Urban planners must continue to engage diverse stakeholders, build public trust, and develop ethical frameworks to guide equitable and responsible urban development.  

Looking Forward

As cities become more populated and climate pressures intensify, use of AI in urban planning becomes increasingly important. Although the risks are real, the potential for transformative urban development must be harnessed to meet the needs of cities. If ethical considerations are made and the right people are involved, we can build smarter, greener, more resilient cities to better serve future generations. 

This AI appreciation day, EARTHDAY.ORG is recognizing not just the power of AI, but the responsibility that comes with it. Cities like Singapore and Barcelona show us what’s possible when AI is used thoughtfully– to build more sustainable, livable urban environments. 

To learn how you can support climate-forward innovation and help shape a cleaner, smarter planet, visit EARTHDAY.ORG and get involved with the Our Power, Our Planet initiative. The future of our cities, and our planet, depend on the decisions we make today. 

This article is available for republishing on your website, newsletter, magazine, newspaper, or blog. The accompanying imagery is also cleared for use. Please ensure that the author’s name and their affiliation with EARTHDAY.ORG are credited. Kindly inform us if you republish so we can acknowledge, tag, or repost your content. You may notify us via email at davies@earthday.org or fielder@earthday.org. Want more articles? Follow us on substack.

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Today is Earth Day and this year we are focusing on making an impact with Earth Action Day; connecting communities and their lawmakers for an open and honest conversation on how renewable energy can work for them. 

When people imagine renewable energy projects, they often picture solar farms in California or offshore wind turbines along the East Coast. This mental image can stem from a perception that clean energy is a politically-charged topic with parties taking opposing viewpoints; however, this couldn’t be further from the truth. In reality, much of the United States’ clean power production happens in the politically-diverse heartland of Middle America, with some of the most exciting renewable energy transitions occurring in unexpected places.

The 2025 Earth Day theme, Our Power, Our Planet, highlights not only the need for expanded renewable energy but also the broad benefits it provides. Beyond reducing emissions, clean energy bolsters local economies through job creation and lower energy bills, while also making communities more resilient to extreme weather events. 

The cities listed below are proving that the energy transition is not just for coastal hubs—it’s happening all over America.

Iowa City, IA

Iowa City is exceeding national expectations with its climate action efforts. The city reached its 2030 goal of a 45% emissions reduction an entire decade early in 2020. This is particularly noteworthy in Iowa, a traditionally conservative state without widespread consensus on the benefits of clean power. Much of this success is due to widespread adoption of wind energy.

Innovative programs like Iowa City’s rental electrification initiative are also breaking new ground. The city is piloting a program that incentivizes home energy upgrades for rental properties in exchange for landlords accepting low-income housing vouchers. The first five properties will receive upgrades this year, making Iowa City the first in the nation to attempt such a program.

Additionally, the city will receive Iowa’s first patrol-rated electric police vehicle in 2025, further demonstrating the role of climate solutions in the future of public safety. Iowa City would have received the vehicle even earlier if the original car hadn’t been hit by a tornado on its way to the city last year!

Denton, TX

Denton stands out as the only city in Texas where all residences and businesses operate on 100% renewable energy. Serving 64,000 customers, the city boasts the highest wind power per capita in the U.S.

Denton’s City Council has also adopted its first Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (CAAP), which creates an action plan for the city to reach its goal of net-zero emissions by 2050 while also ensuring resilience to the risks of climate change. Transportation accounts for 66.3% of the city’s greenhouse gas emissions, making clean vehicle investments a crucial next step.

In 2020, Denton achieved its ambitious goal of fulfilling all electricity demand through wind and solar power. These measures not only position the city as a national leader on clean energy but also are projected to save the city over $500 million over a 20 year period.

Salt Lake City and Utah Renewable Communities

Salt Lake City, Utah, has not only improved its own economy and air quality through renewable energy, but has also stepped up to lead cities across the state to a sustainable and healthy future.

“Salt Lake City’s flagship solar project has cut an estimated 100,000 metric tons of climate pollution from the regional electric grid. It’s also saving our taxpayers an estimated $1 million annually. We’ll continue to lead by example in the transition to clean energy,” said Salt Lake City Mayor Erin Mendenhall. “Salt Lake City sources about 80% of our electricity from this collaborative project. Next year, we plan to launch the Utah Renewable Communities program, a collaboration among 19 Utah communities and the state’s largest electric utility, giving residents and businesses a path toward our goal of net-100% clean electricity by 2030.”

Utah Renewable Communities is an unprecedented coalition of local governments across the state working together toward 100% clean energy. This initiative, the first of its kind in the US, aims to launch a default net-100% renewable electricity option for customers of Rocky Mountain Power, Utah’s major utility provider.

Established through the 2019 Community Renewable Energy Act, this pioneering effort serves as a model for municipal collaboration with a major utility. 19 local governments across Utah have joined the coalition so far, with a combined total population of over 2.8 million energy customers who will benefit from this initiative. These local governments will be adopting the program’s policy framework this fall, with full implementation occurring in Spring of 2026, right in time for next year’s Earth Day!

Nashville, TN

The Tennessee state capitol is rapidly scaling up its clean power generation through a combination of solar initiatives. The city has implemented rooftop solar on local government buildings and collaborated with Tennessee Valley Authority’s Green Invest program for large-scale solar.

In addition to efforts to increase renewable energy generation, Nashville also uses geothermal technology to improve energy efficiency for heating and cooling several city facilities.

Mesquite, TX

Mesquite is making waves in the renewable energy sector thanks to attracting a Canadian Solar manufacturing plant which has a production capacity of 5 GW annually — enough to power about 850,000 homes per year!

This $250 million project has generated over 1,500 new jobs in the area, demonstrating the economic benefits of solar energy expansion. By fostering industrial-scale solar manufacturing, Mesquite is positioning itself as a leader in the clean energy economy, and helping other communities across the country access home-grown clean power technology.

Boise, ID

Boise is leading Idaho’s clean energy transition with a goal of achieving 100% clean electricity for all residents and businesses by 2035. With the community spending approximately $250 million annually on energy—an amount expected to more than double in the next two decades—renewable energy offers a fiscally responsible alternative. 

Community engagement is strong, with over 75% of residents supporting the city’s goals to improve energy efficiency and power the city with renewable energy. A recent survey showed that citizens’ top priorities for the future of Boise’s energy supply include: affordable and reliable access to energy, addressing climate impacts through renewable energy, and supporting local jobs and the economy through clean power implementation.

Clean Power from Coast to Coast

The cities on this list prove that America’s energy transition is happening in all corners of the country and that every community stands to gain from renewable power sources. By investing in renewables, these communities are creating jobs, lowering energy costs, and increasing resilience to extreme weather events, ultimately safeguarding their futures.

Want to support clean energy in your city? Get involved year-round in local government decision-making by organizing an Earth Action Day roundtable and advocating for sustainability initiatives where you live. They can happen any time, not just on Earth Day! The transition to renewable energy is happening all around us—make sure your community is part of the movement.

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Imagine a city where buildings breathe like plants, streets flow like rivers, and neighborhoods grow like forests. In contrast to the rigid, concrete jungles that dominate urban landscapes today, some cities are beginning to embrace designs inspired by nature itself. 

Integrating biomimicry, Feng Shui, and permaculture into urban design can create sustainable, resilient cities that work in harmony with both the environment and human well-being. These three design strategies each offer unique approaches to reconnecting urban spaces with natural systems: biomimicry draws direct inspiration from nature’s engineering, permaculture emphasizes regenerative and self-sustaining ecosystems, and Feng Shui focuses on energy flow and balance.

We Wouldn’t Be The First…

Many ancient civilizations designed their cities with nature’s blueprint in mind. The Aztecs built floating gardens, or chinampas, in the Valley of Mexico that sustainably managed water, promoted biodiversity, maximized space, and fostered social cohesion. Ancient Egyptians used nature in their design by mimicking natural forms, like papyrus stalks as temple columns. They used high ceilings, thick walls, and strategic positioning to harness natural ventilation and regulate temperatures, often referred to as ‘passive solar energy’ today. The Han Dynasty were among the first to align buildings and tombs with natural elements for auspicious outcomes, laying the foundation for what is now known as Feng Shui. 

Modern city planning has largely moved away from these ancient practices. Today, cities focus on efficiency, density, and speed — often at the cost of the environment, air quality, and long-term sustainability. 

But to create resilient cities that can truly thrive in the future, perhaps urban designers need to draw inspiration from these ancient practices and use nature as the blueprint. Some architects and designers are doing just this — here’s how:

Nature As Architect

Biomimicry is a design approach that we see across many scientific disciplines, which seeks solutions by emulating nature’s own organic strategies. In urban design, it studies how plants, animals, and ecosystems have adapted over millennia to create ‘homes’ and safe havens, then applies these lessons to human engineering. 

Just as forests naturally manage and balance their ecosystems —  biomimetic architecture designs cities that regulate temperature, manage water flow, and optimize energy use to create self-sustaining, resilient city environments. 

The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe uses biomimicry by replicating the natural ventilation system of termite mounds. In a country as hot as Zimbabwe, artificially cooling a building can be hugely expensive. Architect Mike Pearce recognized termites as the masterminds behind passive cooling systems and replicated them, using termite knowledge to the benefit of humans.

The design incorporates thermal mass, which means thick brick walls absorb heat during the day to prevent the interior from becoming too hot. Meanwhile, cool air is drawn in through vents at the bottom of the building, allowing natural ventilation to circulate and cool the interior during the day. Gradually, the thermal mass bricks release the heat they absorbed during the day at night. This process eliminates the need for daytime air conditioning and night time heating, thus saving energy costs. 

This incredible termite design saved $3.5 million in construction costs and further cut the building’s energy use by more than 50%, compared to traditional air-conditioned buildings, benefiting both the environment and the people inside.

Regenerative Urban Spaces

Permaculture is a design philosophy that is inspired by nature’s ability to thrive. It focuses on creating sustainable, self-sufficient environments by working with natural processes, rather than against them. 

Permaculture combines “permanent” and “agriculture” to mean lasting, productive systems that blend our needs with nature’s rules. While biomimicry and permaculture both draw inspiration from nature, biomimicry focuses on emulating nature’s designs to solve human challenges, while permaculture emphasizes creating self-sustaining ecosystems that regenerate and nourish the environment over time. 

After a devastating earthquake in 2011, Christchurch, New Zealand embarked on a transformative journey to rebuild its urban landscape by integrating permaculture and green design. Ōtākaro Orchard, a community-led urban food forest, is accredited for Christchurch’s new nickname, The Edible Garden City. This project features five public food forests, 26 community gardens, 70 edible gardens in schools, and 26,000 fruit trees on public land. 

The accompanying education hub and cafe were designed with sustainability at their core, incorporating elements like a blue-green roof, solar arrays, compost toilets, adobe mud bricks for passive solar heating, infiltration swales, and greywater recycling systems. Christchurch not only strengthened its food security and sustainable urban design, but also created a disaster-resilient city where regenerative systems foster both environmental and community resilience. 

Designing for Balance and Flow

Feng Shui, ancient Chinese practice, seeks to harmonize individuals with their surrounding environment by balancing energy flow, or chi. This life force is considered the energy that connects and maintains balance and harmony in the universe. Chi is believed to influence health, well-being, and prosperity, making Feng Shui a guiding principle in urban planning across East Asia, including China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.

When used in urban design, Feng Shui considers how building placement, shape, and materials impact chi circulation. For example, curved or rounded buildings positioned near natural elements, like forests, mountains or water, are believed to attract positive energy. This is because curves promote the smooth flow of energy, unlike sharp angles, which are thought to create disruptive or negative energy. 

Plants and greenery are frequently used in Feng Shui to promote growth, health, and harmony, as they are seen as powerful sources of natural energy that can help balance a space. Scientific studies also support this idea — access to greenery has been shown to reduce stress and improve well-being. Similarly, natural light is emphasized in Feng Shui for its vitality-boosting properties, influencing architectural decisions about window placement and interior layout. 

In Hong Kong, Feng Shui principles have shaped the city’s skyline so that it is in harmony with the natural environment and reflects traditional values. The surrounding mountains of Victoria Peak are believed to act as guardians of Hong Kong, providing a protective barrier. The city is also positioned along a body of water, Victoria Harbour, to promote positive energy flow and attract good fortune. 

The Bank of China Tower embodies Feng Shui design by using its sharp triangular design to channel energy flow, symbolizing growth and prosperity, while its reflective glass facade balances the building’s energy with its natural surroundings. The International Commerce Centre embraces rounded edges, which soften energy flow, and its waterfront location, allowing positive energy from the harbor to circulate freely.  

A Triple Threat

While biomimicry, permaculture, and Feng Shui have different and distinct approaches, they all share one core and fundamental belief: that human spaces should reflect and respect the natural world. Combining these philosophies results in cities that are not only sustainable but also adaptive, beautiful, and deeply connected to both nature and our own well-being. 

The Gardens by the Bay in Singapore is the ultimate triple threat, seamlessly blending biomimicry, Feng Shui, and permaculture. 

The project includes a Supertree Grove, with 18 towering structures designed to mimic natural trees by absorbing and distributing rainwater, dissipating heat, and harnessing solar energy through photovoltaic cells. It incorporates Feng Shui principles in its layout to balance energy flow and ensure harmony between elements, as well as permaculture practices through rainwater collection, natural cooling systems, and the creation of self-sustaining ecosystems within its gardens. Gardens by the Bay is a living testament to how cities can embrace nature’s blueprint to create dynamic, beautiful, and sustainable urban environments. 

The future of urban design lies not in conquering nature but in learning from it. Biomimicry,  permaculture and Feng Shui offer a triple threat strategy for rethinking how our cities are built. Together, they form a holistic approach for urban design that prioritizes sustainability, resilience, and harmony. 

If you want to take action to make your community more sustainable, check out Earthday’s Earth Action Day Roundtable. The Earth Action Day is an opportunity for everyone to engage in a constructive dialogue about how renewable energy, solar, wind, geothermal, and hydropower, can benefit their community. Be it providing new jobs, improving air quality, increasing city revenue – the Earth Action Day will provide a town hall-style forum for citizens, business leaders and government officials to come together to discuss their clean energy options.

This article is available for republishing on your website, newsletter, magazine, newspaper, or blog. The accompanying imagery is also cleared for use. Please ensure that the author’s name and their affiliation with EARTHDAY.ORG are credited. Kindly inform us if you republish so we can acknowledge, tag, or repost your content. You may notify us via email at davies@earthday.org or fielder@earthday.org.

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America is in the midst of a remarkable transition in how it generates and distributes electricity. After decades of reliance on fossil fuels, driven by escalating concerns over climate change, energy security, and economic development, a growing number of cities are moving toward cleaner and more sustainable energy systems.

Their experience provides a valuable road map for how other cities can change the energy sources that power their grids.

1. Burlington, VT

First up, Burlington achieved 100% renewable electricity in 2014. Leveraging the region’s abundant natural resources, the city prioritized investments in hydropower, biomass, and wind energy. Burlington Electric Department, the city-owned utility, played a pivotal role by strategically purchasing renewable energy contracts and integrating locally generated power into the grid, along with strong community backing of local residents supporting these initiatives. 

2. Aspen, CO

Aspen, long known for its pristine natural beauty and progressive ethos, reached its renewable energy milestone in 2015 by leveraging its local hydropower, wind and solar resources. The city operates its own hydroelectric facilities, but also purchases power through contracts with external wind and solar providers. This approach allows Aspen to utilize their own resources while supplementing them with renewable energy sourced from other areas, ensuring the city meets its goal of 100% renewable electricity.

3. Greensburg, KS

In Greensburg, the drive toward renewables was born from tragedy. After a deadly EF5 tornado leveled the town in 2007, the community rebuilt their electric grid by heavily investing in wind power and on-site solar generation. Today, the town generates more electricity than it consumes, exporting the ⅔ surplus power to the rest of the state. 

4. Rock Port, MO  

Also in the Midwest, Rock Port, Missouri, is unique as the first U.S. town to meet its electricity needs entirely through wind energy. Situated next to the Missouri river, with abundant wind resources, the town capitalized on local wind farm projects to power its grid. Rock Port’s reliance on wind was enabled by forward-looking local utilities that recognized the economic and environmental advantages of harnessing a clean, abundant resource. 

5. Georgetown, TX

Georgetown, a town of less than 100,000 people north of Austin, is a testament to the economic benefits of renewable energy adoption. While the town initially explored renewables for their cost competitiveness, it soon realized their environmental benefits as well. Georgetown entered into long-term contracts for solar and wind energy, locking in affordable prices while hedging against the volatility of fossil fuel markets, leading it to become fully reliant on renewable energy in 2017. 

6. Kodiak, AK

Far off the continental US, Kodiak Island, Alaska, illustrates the power of community-driven solutions in remote areas. Historically dependent on diesel generators, the island transitioned to 100% renewable electricity through a combination of hydropower and wind. The Kodiak Electric Association played a central role, making strategic investments in wind turbines and battery storage to complement its existing hydroelectric facilities, ensuring the continuation of electric supply in spite of Kodiak’s challenging climate.

Rethinking the Renewable Landscape

Since these six cities declared themselves to be 100 percent renewable, the landscape of renewable energy production and grid reliance continues to shift. As Mark Z. Jacobson, a Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University and a leading researcher in renewable energy models, has noted, a growing number of states—some of them unexpected—are reaching or surpassing their electricity demand with wind, water, and solar. 

States with abundant wind or solar resources—such as South Dakota, Kansas, or Iowa—often surpass 70% or even 100% of their in-state electricity demand from renewables because it is simply the cheapest, most profitable option. 

On the other hand, many states have made direct pledges through legislations and executive orders to produce 100% clean energy within the next two decades, and currently, there are 24 different states, along with the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, that have made this pledge. 

What Does a Totally Renewable Energy Model Look Like?

Municipalities across the United States are increasingly pledging to source their electricity entirely from renewable power—a goal once seen as utopian, but now gaining traction thanks to plummeting solar and wind costs. Yet as Leah Kunkel and Hanna Breetz, researchers at Arizona State University’s School of Sustainability explain, signing a 100% clean energy pledge is just the first step. 

In this process, localities must navigate an intricate web of utility structures, community engagement, and budget constraints to turn bold statements into tangible progress. 

One key insight is that many cities adopting these pledges lack direct control over their electricity systems. Most residential and commercial customers are served by investor-owned utilities (IOUs) whose reach extends far beyond a single municipality’s borders. “When you don’t have your own municipal utility, you can’t flip a switch and mandate your grid to go green,” Breetz said. 

Mutual collaboration has emerged as a critical strategy for some of them to achieve their 100 percent renewable energy goal. In Utah, for example, larger cities like Salt Lake City and Park City led a statewide effort to enable smaller municipalities to join a coordinated push for renewable energy. These partnerships help pool resources, share expertise, and amplify the impact of individual actions.

Federal legislation such as the Inflation Reduction Act and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act has created new incentives and grant opportunities that red-state municipalities are tapping into as well, to lower energy bills and attract renewable energy industries. 

Ultimately, while each town’s path to 100% renewable power may look different, the combined pressure of local pledges, supportive policies, and falling technology costs points toward a future in which clean energy commitments can become more than just a promise.If your community wants to start exploring their road to renewables why not contact Evan RAskin at Raskin@earthday.org to seek his advice and help. Join the Earth Day Global Conversation and be part of the solution!

This article is available for republishing on your website, newsletter, magazine, newspaper, or blog. The accompanying imagery is also cleared for use. Please ensure that the author’s name and their affiliation with EARTHDAY.ORG are credited. Kindly inform us if you republish so we can acknowledge, tag, or repost your content. You may notify us via email at davies@earthday.org or fielder@earthday.org.

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